Demographia

Air Pollution Intensity in International Cities:
Variation from Pollution per Square Mile Mean: 1990/1

Rank Area Urban Area
NOX
CO
VOC
Average
1 Asia Manila 152.1% 200.1% 209.9% 187.35%
2 Asia Bangkok -25.6% 183.6% 384.1% 180.67%
3 Asia Jakarta 282.9% 121.3% 122.0% 175.38%
4 Asia Seoul 315.0% 117.9% 69.5% 167.45%
1 Asia Hong Kong 232.7% 70.0% 0.8% 101.16%
2 Europe Stockholm 30.8% 147.5% 98.1% 92.14%
3 Asia Surabaja -24.1% 66.8% 189.3% 77.32%
4 Canada Toronto 55.1% 49.6% 25.9% 43.52%
5 Asia Kuala Lampur -9.0% 18.6% 87.0% 32.21%
6 Europe Brussels 73.1% 10.8% 7.8% 30.58%
7 Europe London -4.0% -7.9% 0.5% -3.79%
8 Europe Frankfurt 29.6% -28.6% -21.2% -6.74%
9 Europe Paris -32.4% -29.3% 29.5% -10.73%
10 United States Los Angeles -38.4% -9.1% -32.5% -26.63%
11 United States New York -43.7% -19.4% -45.3% -36.11%
12 Australia Sydney -45.1% -21.9% -46.9% -38.00%
13 Europe Zurich -21.1% -65.7% -43.4% -43.42%
14 United States San Francisco -52.8% -29.6% -51.5% -44.62%
15 Europe Vienna -60.3% -23.3% -50.4% -44.67%
16 Europe Hamburg -29.5% -52.2% -53.8% -45.18%
17 United States Chicago -52.4% -31.2% -53.4% -45.67%
18 Europe Amsterdam -13.6% -62.5% -61.1% -45.74%
19 United States Detroit -56.4% -29.1% -56.0% -47.18%
20 Europe Copenhagen -47.3% -29.4% -74.5% -50.38%
21 Australia Melbourne -62.9% -40.1% -52.7% -51.89%
22 United States Denver -65.8% -32.2% -62.3% -53.43%
23 United States Boston -57.7% -40.0% -62.9% -53.53%
24 United States Washington -58.3% -43.4% -60.8% -54.15%
25 Asia Tokyo -36.4% -66.5% -70.8% -57.89%
26 Australia Brisbane -60.1% -58.8% -66.2% -61.70%
27 Australia Perth -70.2% -55.5% -65.0% -63.57%
28 Australia Adelaide -70.3% -55.5% -65.0% -63.60%
29 United States Phoenix -68.8% -60.9% -65.4% -65.00%
30 United States Houston -65.0% -94.1% -63.4% -74.17%
Based upon data in Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, Felix B. Laube and others, An International Sourcebook of Automobile Dependence in Cities: 1960-1990 and other sources.
NOX=Nitrogen Oxides CO=Carbon Monoxide VOC=Volatile Organic Compounds (US Environmental Protection Agency Criteria Pollutants)

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