Urban Planning & Transport:
Portland & Atlanta Contrasted

Perception of Portland Superiority Mistaken

Atlanta has been cited by the Sierra Club as the US urban area most threatened by "urban sprawl." At the same time the Sierra Club commended Portland for its growth management policies. A review of urban development trends does not show Portland to be generally more successful with respect to urban development trends than Atlanta (table below).

Category Assessment
Background Atlanta is growing considerably faster than Portland.
Urban Form Portland scores generally more favorably than Atlanta.
Roadways Atlanta scores generally more favorably than Portland
Public Transport Atlanta scores more favorably than Portland.. However, public transit has a miniscule market share in both urban areas.
Income & Housing Indicators strongly favor Atlanta. Portland housing affordability has dropped to a greater extent than any other major US urban area.

Item Indicator Atlanta Portland Portland Compared to Atlanta Superiority Based Upon Smart Growth Principals
100 BACKGROUND        
110 1999 Population: 1990 CMSA/MSA Definition 3,676,000 1,802,000 -51.0%  
115 1990 Population: 1990 CMSA/MSA Definition 2,834,000 1,478,000 -47.8%  
120 1980 Population: 1990 CMSA/MSA Definition 2,138,000 1,299,000 -39.2%  
125 Change in Population Since 1990 842,000 324,000 -61.5%  
130 Percentage Change in Population: 1990-1998 29.7% 21.9% -26.2%  
           
200 URBAN FORM        
210 FHWA Urbanized Area Population Density: 1997 (Population per Square Mile) 1,359 2,105 54.9% POR
215 Change in Urbanized Population Density: 1982-1997 25.5% -6.0% -123.5% ATL
220 Density of New Development 1982-1997 2,577 2,200 -14.6% ATL
225 Census Bureau Urbanized Area Density: 1990 1,897 3,021 59.3% POR
230 Census Bureau Urbanized Area Density: 1980 1,782 2,940 65.0%  
235 Census Bureau Urbanized Area Density: 1990: Change from 1980 6.5% 2.8% -57.3% ATL
240 Most Dense 10% of Urbanized Area: 1990 4,149 7,322 76.5% POR
245 Most Dense 1% of Urbanized Area: 1990 6,910 11,784 70.5% POR
250 Central City Share of Growth Since 1990 0.9% 5.4% 475.1% POR
255 Share of Employment in Central Business District 7.7% 11.3% 46.8% POR
           
300 ROADWAYS        
310 Roadway Congestion Index (Texas Transportation Institute): 1997 1.23 1.22 -0.8% POR
315 Roadway Congestion Index (Texas Transportation Institute): 1982 0.85 0.79 -7.1%  
320 Change in Roadway Congestion Index (RCI) : 1982-1997 44.7% 54.4% 21.8% ATL
325 RCI Change Adjusted for Population Increase -14.0% 16.4% -217.1% ATL
330 Vehicle Miles Traveled per Square Mile: 1999 55,719 66,066 18.6% ATL
335 Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled per Person: 1999 34.2 23.2 -32.2% POR
340 Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled per Person: 1990 34.8 18.7 -46.3%  
345 Change in Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled per Person: 1990-1999 -1.7% 24.1%   ATL
350 Freeway Equivalent Lane Miles per Square Mile: 1997 1.75 2.09 19.4% ATL
355 Freeway Equivalent Lane Miles per 1000 Population: 1997 1.00 0.78 -22.0% POR
           
400 PUBLIC TRANSPORT        
410 Overall Public Transport Market Share: 1997 1.43% 1.50% 5.0% POR
415 Estimated Traffic Reduction Attributable to Public Transit (Note) 0.43% 0.45% 5.0% POR
420 Core Service Area Public Transport Ridership per Capita (MARTA v. Tri-Met): 1997 137.3 72.3 -47.3% ATL
425 Core Area Public Transport Passenger Miles per Capita: 1997 654 288 -56.0% ATL
430 Core Area Public Transport Estimated Change in Passenger Miles per Capita: 1982-97 57.0% 10.5% -81.5% ATL
435 Public Transport Work Trip Market Share: 1990 4.6% 5.4% 16.8% POR
440 Change in Public Transport Work Trip Market Share: 1980-1990 -37.9% -35.8% -5.5% POR
445 Central Business District Work Trip Market Share: 1990 15.9% 20.0% 25.8% POR
450 Public Transport Work Trip Market Share Outside Central Business District: 1990 3.7% 3.1% -16.2% ATL
455 Miles of Urban Rail: 4th Quarter 1999 (All Opened 1979 or Later) 39.0 32.6 -16.4% ATL
460 Estimated Capital Spending on Rail System $4 Billion $1.3 Billion 207.7% ATL
465 Daily Rail Ridership: 4th Quarter 1999 274,000 63,900 -76.7% ATL
470 Daily Rail Ridership per Mile: 4th Quarter 1999 7,026 1,960 -72.1% ATL
475 Average Rail Operating Speed (MPH) 27.1 15.0 -44.8% ATL
           
500 INCOME & HOUSING        
510 Change in Employment: 1990-1999 37.3% 30.5% -18.3% NO
515 Change in Income per Household: 1991-2000 52.0% 37.7% -27.5% NO
520 Change in Median House Price: 1991-2000 52.7% 102.5% 94.5% YES
525 Change in Housing Price Compared to Change in Income: 1991-2000 1.3% 171.9% 12668.5% NO
530 Change in Housing Opportunity Index (Housing Affordability): 1991-2000 12.3% -51.8% -57.1% NO
Data sources: Federal Highway Administration, National Transit Database, Texas Transportation Institute, American Public Transit Association, Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Census Bureau and Demographia.
Note: Item 415 assumes national transit rider automobile availability factor (0.3).

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